Articles
Prehistory
Men Haven't Changed
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA05/ychrom.html
A survey of genetic information contained in the Y chromosomes of modern day men suggests that
Homo sapiens descended from a single group of male ancestors 270,000 years ago. Access
Excellence review of 1995 article in Science.
Neanderthal: No Relation
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA10/neander797.html
New evidence from mitochondrial DNA analyses indicates that the Neanderthal hominid was
not related to human ancestors. Access Excellence review of information from 1997 article in Cell.
Oldest
Artistic Artifact
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/art(evolution_or_revolution).htm
article in Science 1998 282: 1451. Carved female statuette dated between 800,000 and 230,000
years ago. See also Venus
figures from Russia.
Chimps are human, gene study implies
22:00 19 May 03
NewScientist.com news service
Becoming Human, Donald Johansen discoverer of
Lucy.
Mesopotamia
Excavation report from Nippur,
Sacred City of Enlil, Supreme God of Sumer and Akkad
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/NIP/PUB93/NSC/NSC.html
Read about Nippur which was for thousands of years the religious center of Mesopotamia.
Nippur was where Enlil, the supreme god of the Sumerian pantheon, created mankind. Although
never a capital city, Nippur had great political importance because royal rule over Mesopotamia
was not considered legitimate without recognition in its temples. Thus, Nippur was the focus of
pilgrimage and building programs by dozens of kings including Hammurabi of Babylon and
Ashurbanipal of Assyria. Despite the history of wars between various parts of Mesopotamia, the
religious nature of Nippur prevented it from suffering most of the destructions that befell
sites like Ur, Nineveh, and Babylon. The site thus preserves an unparalleled archaeological
record spanning more than 6000 years.
Greece
Matriliny in the
Aegean Bronze Age
http://witcombe.sbc.edu/snakegoddess/aegean matriliny.html
Written by Chris
Witcombe, Professor of Art History, Sweet Briar
College in Virginia, originally published in IMAGES OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT ART Issues of
Interpretation and Identity.
Rome
Slavery in the Roman Empire:
Numbers and Origins
http://www.ucd.ie/~classics/96/Madden96.html
This is an essay by John Madden given at University College in Dublin, Ireland in 1996.
Early Chrisitanity
Women in
Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html
Scholar Karen King examines the evidence concerning women's important place in early
Christianity. She draws a surprising new portrait of Mary Magdalene as the head of an important
wing of the Christian movement that promoted women's leadership and outlines the stories of
previously unknown Christian women.
Recommended Websites
Becoming Human
http://www.becominghuman.org/
Extremely informative multimedia site from Donald Johanson - discoverer of the Lucy
Australopithecus afarensis fossils. Recommended
Smithsonian Institution Human
Origins
http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/index.htm
The human origins program at the Smithsonian Institution. Very informative. Good Graphics. Recommended.
Arizona State University's Institute of Human Origins
http://www.asu.edu/clas/iho/
Organization dedicated to the recovery and analysis of the fossil evidence for human
evolution. IHO seeks to provide a research environment for leading investigators of
paleoanthropology and, through the coordinated interaction of scientists, strives to allocate its
resources strategically to permit research on the most important questions yet to be answered
regarding the course, cause, and timing of biological and behavioral events in human evolution.
ORIENTAL INSTITUTE
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/default.html
Excavation reports, virtual museum, archives, inscriptions from Egypt, Sudan, Iraq and Iran at
the Oriental Institute. Highly recommended.
Encyclopedia of the Orient
http://i-cias.com/e.o/index.htm
Part of LexicOrient - the encyclopedia is compiled primarily by Tore Kjeilen, Sidahmed Abubakr, and D. Josiya
Negahban.
Mythica: An Encyclopedia on Mythology, Folklore
and Legend
http://www.pantheon.org/mythica.html
This detailed encyclopedia of mythology, folklore and legend contains over 5700 references to
gods, goddesses, supernatural beings, legendary creatures and monsters from all over the world. It
has been around since the early days of the web (1995) and is compiled by M.F.
Lindemans.
Ancient World Web
http://www.julen.net/ancient/
A well-maintained site with links in a variety of areas: Archaeology, Art, Buildings Monuments and
Cities, History , Language. Literature, Law, Philosophy, Mythology, Religion and Science. Founded
in 1994 by Julia Hayden, academic credentials unknown.
The Cuneiform Digital Library
http://cdli.ucla.edu/cdli.htm
A comprehensive catalog of cuneiform writings from the University of California at Los Angeles and
the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian
Literature
http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/catalogue.htm
Catalogue of Sumerian literary compositions in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian
Literature from Oxford.
Sumerian Mythology FAQ
http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze33gpz/sumer-faq.html
Very complete list of Sumerian religious information. Not scholarly but very informative.
The Assyro-Babylonian
Mythology FAQ
http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze33gpz/assyrbabyl-faq.html
Very complete list of Assyro-Babylonian religious information. Not scholarly but very informative.
Canaanite/Ugaritic
Mythology FAQ, ver. 1.2
http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze33gpz/canaanite-faq.html
Very complete list of Canaanit/Ugaritic religious information. Not scholarly but very informative.
The Code of Hammurabi __
"The code of laws applies to the entire Babylonian society. The penalties of the code varied
according to the status of the victim." Find a brief overview of the law along with
links to full translations. - From North Park University - http://campus.northpark.edu/history//WebChron/MiddleEast/HammurabiCode.html
The Ancient Egypt Site
http://www.geocities.com/amenhotep.geo/index.html
A site created by Egyptologist Jacques Kinnaer.
Theban Mapping Project
http://www.kv5.com/
Very interesting site from Egyptologists working in and around Thebes and the Valley of the
Kings. Highly recommended.
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/dailylife.html
Part of the Minnesota State University E-Museum, this site gives information on the daily life of
the ancient Egyptians -- covers everything from beer-making to ethnozoology.
Nova: Pyramids, The Inside Story
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/
Companion website for the PBS program. You can also look at the work of the 1997 team of
archeologists who excavated the bakery that fed the pyramid builders.
Religion in Egypt
http://www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/Culture.asp?t=Religion&country=Egypt&ct=culture
Part of an Egyptian tourist site, this site offers a quick look at ancient Egyptian religion along
with Egyptian Christianity and Islam.
The Perseus Project
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
This site, sponsored by the Department of Classics Tufts University is an enormous digital
library. A huge collection of textual and visual materials for the study of Archaic and Classical
Greece.
Plato and his dialogues
http://plato-dialogues.org/plato.htm
This very extensive site is compiled by Bernard Suzanne. Contains excellent maps,
chronologies, information about people and places all over ancient Greece. The is interesting
information about Plato and Platonic thought as well. Available in French.
Sparta
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/eb11-sparta.html
This page from the Ancient History Sourcebook (Paul Halsall) gives some basic background on
Sparta's prehistory and its misfortunes up to the 18th century.
The Ancient Greek World
http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Greek_World/Intro.html
This richly detailed site produced by the University of Pennsylvania's Museum of Anthropology and
Archeology offers a glimpse at life in ancient Greece. It is centered around four basic
categories: Land and Time, Daily Life, Economy, Religion and Death.
The Ancient Gods
http://www.hol.gr/greece/ancgods.htm
A site on ancient Greek religion and mythology. A good introduction to the Greek gods and
goddesses.
Ancient Greek (Hellenic) Sites on the
World-Wide Web
http://www.showgate.com/medea/grklink.html
This site, ostensibly by "Medea - The Musical" is essentially a massive (and
unorganized) list of links to Hellenic topics on the Web.
The MIT Classics Archive
http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/index.html
A list of 441 different works by 59 ancient Greek or Roman authors. Compiled by Daniel Stevenson
of Web-Atomics, and hosted by MIT's Program in Writing and Humanistic Studies, this is an
exceptionally flexible and searchable tool for classical works.
Hellenism and Early Rome
Alexander the Great & His
Successors: A Bibliography
http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~heckel/alexande.htm
Resources for the study of Alexander the Great and his successors, compiled by Waldemar Heckel,
Classics professor at the University of Calgary.
Alexander the Great
http://www.pothos.co.uk/
A range of information and links about Alexander's life, legends, accomplishments and
"memory." Not "academic" but some of the site is worth looking at.
Hannibal Barraca and the Punic Wars
http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/index.htm
Not "academic" this detailed site containing information on the three Punic Wars,
Hannibal, Scipio Africanus and links to translations of several historical works. Compiled by
Hilary Gowen. Recommended.
Romarch
http://www.sys.uea.ac.uk/Research/researchareas/JWMP/ostia/2romarch.html
The ROMARCH pages are the original crossroads for Web resources on the art and
archaeology of Italy and the Roman provinces, ca. 1000 BC - AD 700. ROMARCH is sponsored
by the Department of Classics and the Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology (IPCAA)
at the University of Michigan.
LacusCurtius:
Into the Roman World
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Roman/home.html
Gazetteer, Latin texts, maps and photos. Very extensive site by Bill Thayer at the University
of Kansas.
De Imperatoribus Romanis
http://www.roman-emperors.org/
This is an online encyclopedia of the Roman emperors, from the reign of Augustus (27 BCE) to that
of Constantine XI Paleaologus (1449-53 CE) and includes biographical essays, maps, family trees
and some good general links pages.
Ancient Roman
Technology
http://www.unc.edu/courses/rometech/public/frames/art_set.html
This page, hosted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a huge electronic handbook
of Roman technology. It looks at the technology the Romans used to build their roads, bridges,
buildings and the stuff of daily life. It also has a good selection of links along the lines of
specific "industries." The site is put together largely by students working on a variety
of research projects.
Ancient Synagogue Literary Archive
http://www.smu.edu/~dbinder/lit.html
This site by Donald Binder contains images and references to Second Temple Synagogues. The
documents included on the site were all written either before 70 CE, or within a generation of the
temple's destruction, but with reference back to the period when the temple existed. The author is
a professor of New Testament at Southern Methodist University (where the site is hosted), as well
at the Anglican School of Theology.
Internet Jewish History
Sourcebook
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.html
Part of Paul Halsall's Internet Sourcebook series. Excellent as one would expect.
The Hebrews
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/HEBREWS/WANDER.HTM
A site dealing with the origins of the Jewish people.
From Jesus to
Christ: The First Christians
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/
This companion website to the PBS series is an excellent look at Christian formation during the
first century after Christ's departure. Good information on the struggle to shape and define their
identity.
Resource Pages for Biblical Studies
http://www.hivolda.no/asf/kkf/rel-stud.html
This site compiled by Torrey Seland of Volda University College, Norway focuses on early Christian
writings and the social aspect of the Mediterranean world in the 1st and 2nd
centuries. NOTE: Site was down 07/27/01. Please let me know if it is still down when you try it.
Christian Origins Sourcebook
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook11.html
Part of Paul Halsall's enormous site. This section focuses on early Christian sources and
resources.
The Christians in the Age of
Persecutions
http://www.catacombe.roma.it/en/persecuzioni.html
A brief site which contains several "apologies" for Christians who are facing martyrdom.
Part of a general site on the Christian catacombs of Rome.
Late Antiquity in the
Mediterranean: A Guide to Online Resources
http://www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/MUHLBERGER/ORB/LT-ATEST.HTM
Part of the ORB (Online Reference Book), this section by Steven Muhlberger at Nipissing University
(North Bay, Ontario) covers the period from about 200 CE to the time of Muhammed (about 600 CE).
This site contains links to various resources on the period.
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