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Moral Philosophies Underlying Professional Ethics

Western Philosophers Timeline
427?–347 B.C.

Plato

 1871–1947 H. A. Prichard
384–322 B.C. Aristotle  1873–1958 G. E. Moore 
121–180 Marcus Aurelius 1877–1971 William David Ross
354–430 Saint Augustine 1883–1955 Josι Ortega y Gasset
1079–1142 Peter Abelard 1886–1968 Karl Barth 
1225–1274 Saint Thomas Aquinas 1900–2002

Hans-Georg Gadamer 
1463–1494 Giovanni Pico della Mirandola  1905–1982 Ayn Rand 
1469–1527 Niccolo Machiavelli  1906-1975 Hannah Arendt
1588–1679 Thomas Hobbes  1906–1980 Jean Paul Sartre
1596–1650 Rene Descartes  1909–1943 Simone Weil
1632–1677 Benedict Spinoza 1909–1997 Isaiah Berlin
1632–1704 John Locke 1910–1989 A. J. Ayer
1711–1776 David Hume 1913–1960 Albert Camus
1712–1778 Jean Jacques Rousseau  1913– Paul Ricoeur
1724–1804 Immanuel Kant 1919– Mary Midgley
1737–1809 Thomas Paine  1919–1999 Iris Murdoch
1744–1803 Johann Gottfried von Herder 1921–  John Rawls
1748–1832 Jeremy Bentham  1929–  Jurgen Habermas
1759–1797 Mary Wollstonecraft 1929– Judith Jarvis Thomson
1762–1814 Johann Gottlieb Fichte 1929–  E. O. Wilson 
1770–1831 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1929– Alisdair MacIntyre
1788–1860 Arthur Schopenhauer  1929–  Nel Noddings
1806–1873 John Stuart Mill 1931– Phillipa Foot
1807–1858 Harriet Hardy Taylor - Mill 1937–   Charles Taylor 
1813–1855 Soren Kierkegaard  1937- Carol Gilligan
1817–1862 Henry David Thoreau 1938– Thomas Nagel
1844–1900 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 1938– Tom Regan
1856–1939 Freud, Sigmund 1940– Roderick Nash
1859–1941 Henri Bergson 1946– Peter Singer
1859–1952 John Dewey 1947– Martha Craven Nussbaum
1842–1910 William James  1953– Karen Warren
1864–1920 Max Weber      

The following timeline is adapted from that designed by Dr. Jonathan Dolhenty to help students get a comprehensive picture of the history of philosophy and, in the case of ancient and medieval philosophy, its relationship to other major events occurring during the same time period.

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY in the West
650 B.C.E.
THE IONIANS

Thales (624-546)
Anaximander (611-547)
Anaximenes (599-524)
The Period of Naturalism
The Beginning of Western Philosophy in Ancient Greece

occurs mostly in Greek colonies of Anatolia and Sicily
600 B.C.E.
Heraclitus of Ephesus (540-460)

Pythagoras (570-?)
550 B.C.E.
THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Xenophanes of Colophon
Parmenides of Elea (540-?)
Zeno of Elea
The Golden Age of Greece (480-399)

The Persian Wars

The Peloponnesian War

Crisis over Oligarchy vs Democracy

Greeks dominate their neighbors militarily and economically
500 B.C.E.
THE PLURALISTS

Empedocles (490-430)
Anaxagoras (500-428)
450 B.C.E.
THE ATOMISTS

Democritus (460-370)
Leucippus
400 B.C.E.
THE SOPHISTS

Protagoras
Gorgias
The Metaphysical Period
350 B.C.E.
Socrates (470-399)

Plato (428-347)

Aristotle (384-322)
The Decline and Fall of Greek "Freedom" (399-322)

The Hellenistic Dispersion (322-146)
STOICISM
Zeno (336-264)

EPICUREANISM
Epicurus (342-270)

SKEPTICISM
Pyrrho of Elis (365-275)

ECLECTICISM
Antiochus
The Ethical Period

 
250 B.C.E.
GREEK SCIENCE

Euclid (c. 300)
Archimedes (287-212)
Apollonius (260-200)
Ptolemy
50 B.C.E.
THE JUDAIC-
ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOL

Philo of Alexandria (30 BCE - 50 CE)
The Religious Period
Greece and Macedonia Become a Province of Rome (146)

The Roman Empire
(146 BCE - 192 CE)

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (193-305)

Christianity asserts itself (306-325)

anti intellectualism and the West turns in on itself
THE NEO-
PYTHAGOREAN SCHOOL

Apollonius of Tiana
50 C.E.

to

900 C.E.
THE NEO-PLATONIC
SCHOOL

Ammonius Saccas of Alexandria (176-242)
Plotinus (205-270)
St. Augustine (354-430)
John Scotus Erigena (815-877)
The Period of Scholastic Philosophy
Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance (566-1095)

The Rise of Islam
1000 C.E.

to

1399 C.E.
THE MYSTICS

St. Peter Damian (1007-1072)

St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153)
THE DIALECTICIANS

St. Anselm (1033-1109)

Peter Abelard (1079-1142)

John of Salisbury (1110-1182)
The Middle Ages

Crusades

Peasant Revolts

Wars

Pestilence

 
Albertus Magnus (1193-1280)

Roger Bacon (1214-1294)

St. Bonaventure (1221-1274)

St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

John Duns Scotus (1265-1308)

William of Ockham (?-1349)
1400 C.E.

to

1600 C.E.
Master Eckhart (1260-1327)
Beginning of Modern Humanism
The Renaissance (1300-1576)

The Reformation (1517-1564)

Wars

Prelude to Colonial Conquest
HUMANISM

Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464)

Pico della Mirandola (1463-94)

Bernardio Telesio (1509-1588)

Giorano Bruno (1548-1600)

Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
 

MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY in the West

1600 C.E. to the Present Day
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

 
EMPIRICISM

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
David Hume (1711-1776)
 

 RATIONALISM

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677)
Nicholas de Malebranche (1538-1715)
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Gottfried W. von Leibnitz (1646-1716

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1775)
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Voltaire (1694-1778)
KANTIAN CRITICISM

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

  

IDEALISM

Johann Fichte (1762-1814)
Friedrich W. von Schelling (1775-1854)
Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834)
Georg Hegel (1779-1831)
Johann Herbart (1776-1841)
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Rudolph Herman Lotze (1817-1881)
Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887)
POSITIVISM

FRENCH
August Comte (1798-1857)

GERMAN
Ludwig Fauerbach (1804-1872)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)
UTILITARIANISM

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
James Mill (1773-1836)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

 

 
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
CRITICAL IDEALISM

Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915)
Henrich Richert (1863-1936)
Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1912)
Rudolph Eucken (1846-1926)
GERMAN PSYCHOLOGISM

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
AMERICAN IDEALISM

Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
Bordon Parker Bowne (1847-1910)
THE NEW IDEALISM

Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924)
Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923)
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
Giovanni Gentile (1875-1944)
PRAGMATICISM

Charles Sander Peirce (1839-1914)
EVOLUTIONISM

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919)
PRAGMATISM

William James (1842-1910)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
PSYCHOANALYSIS

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
NEO-POSITIVISM

Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
Ernst Mach (1838-1016)
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
John Wisdom (1904-1993)
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000)
Max Black (1909-1988)
Alfred J. Ayer (1910-1989)
EXISTENTIALISM

Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Karl Barth (1886-1968)
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973)
Jean Paul Sartre (1906-1980)
Albert Camus (1913-1960)
INTUITIONISM

Henri Berson (1859-1941)

PHENOMENOLOGY

Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
NEO-REALISM

Franz Bretano (1838-1917)
Alexius Meinong (1853-1920)
S. Alexander (1859-1938)
Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
George Santayana (1863-1952)
G.E. Moore (1873-1958)
THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)
Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Jurgen Habermas (1929- )

CRITICAL RATIONALISM

Karl Popper (1902-1994)
PHILOSOPHICAL HERMENEUTICS

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
Paul Ricoeur (1913-)

Neo Aristotelianism

G. E. M. Anscombe
Alisdair MacIntyre
Phillipa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, John McDowell, Martha Nussbaum, Amιlie Rorty, Michael Stocker, and Michael Slote

 

Pluralism

Isaiah Berlin 1909-1997
Charles Taylor 1937-

 
OBJECTIVISM

Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
Nathaniel Branden (1930- )
CULTURAL THEORY, STRUCTURALISM, POSTMODERNISM, & DECONSTRUCTIONISM

NEO-PRAGMATISM

Richard Rorty (1931- )
Gyorgy Lukacs (1885-1971)
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
Claude Levi-Strauss (1908- )
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
Jacques Derrida (1930- )

Contractarianism

John Rawls (1921- )

Feminist Ethics

Ne. Noddings (1929-)
Carol Gillian (1937-)
Karen Warren (1953-)

  

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