psychoanalyst, devised therapeutic techniques for children that had great impact on present methods of child care and rearing. Born in Vienna and strongly influenced by Sigmund Freud's close associates Sándor Ferenczi (1873-1933) and Karl Abraham (1877-1925), Klein after World War I began to develop methods of play therapy, showing that how children play with toys reveals earlier infantile fantasies and anxieties.
Encyclopedia Entries
infantile fantasies and anxieties, play therapies
anxieties affected a child's developing ego, superego, and sexuality to bring about emotional disorders. Through her methods she attempted to relieve children of disabling guilt by having them direct toward the therapist the aggressive and Oedipal feelings they could not express to their parents.
The Psychoanalysis of Children (1932)
Klein, M (1923). The development of a child., Int. J. Psychoanal., 4:419-474.
Klein, Melanie. (1957). Envy and Gratitude. A Study of Unconscious Sources., New York: Basic Books, Inc.
(1924). The role of school in the libidinal development of the child., Int. J. Psychoanal., 5:312-331.
(1926). Infant analysis., Int. J. Psychoanal., 7:31-63.
(1927). Symposium on child-analysis., Int. J. Psychoanal., 8:339-370.
(1927). The psychological principles of infant analysis., Int. J. Psychoanal., 8:25-37.
(1928). Communication: Note on the preceding communication., Int. J. Psychoanal., 9:255-258.
(1928). Early stages of the oedipus conflict., Int. J. Psychoanal., 9:167-180.
(1929). Infantile anxiety-situations reflected in art, creative impulse.., Int. J. Psychoanal., 10:436-443.
(1929). Personification in the play of children., Int. J. Psychoanal., 10:193-204.
(1930). The importance of symbol-formation in the development of the ego., Int. J. Psychoanal., 11:24-39.
(1931). A contribution to the theory of intellectual inhibition., Int. J. Psychoanal., 12:206-218.
(1932). Die Psychoanalyse des Kindes., Vienna: Internaler Psa. Verlag.
(1932). The Psycho-Analysis of Children., London: Hogarth.
(1935). A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states., Int. J. Psychoanal., 16:145-174.
(1940). Mourning and its relation to manic-depressive states., Int. J. Psychoanal., 21:125-153.
(1945). The oedipus complex in the light of early anxieties., Int. J. Psychoanal., 26:11-33.
(1946). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms., Int. J. Psychoanal., 27:99-110.
(1948). A contribution to the theory of anxiety and guilt., Int. J. Psychoanal., 29:113-123.
(1948). Contributions to Psychoanalysis. 1921-1945., London: Hogarth Press
(1950). On the criteria for the termination of a psychoanalysis., Int. J. Psychoanal., 31:78-80.
(1950). On the criteria for the termination of an analysis., Int. J. Psychoanal., 31:204-204.
Klein, M.,Heimann, P., Isaacs,S. (1952). Developments in Psychoanalysis RIVIERE, J., London: Hogarth Press
Klein,M.,Heimann,P.,Isaacs,S.,Riviere,J. (1952). Developments in Psychoanalysis., London: Hogarth Press
(1952). The mutual influences in the development of ego and id., Psychoanal. Study Child, 7:51-53.
(1952). The origins of transference., Int. J. Psychoanal., 33:433-438.
& Riviere, J. (1953). Love, Hate, and Reparation. Psycho-Analytical Epitomes No. 2, London: Hogarth Press.
Klein,M.,Heimann,P.,Money-Kyrle,R. (eds. (1955). New Directions in Psycho-Analysis. The Significance of Infant Conflict in the Pattern of Adult Behaviour., London:Tavistock Publications.
Klein,M.,Heimann,P.,Money-Kyrle,R. (eds) (1955). New Directions in Psychoanalysis., New York:Basic Books, Inc.
(1957). Envy and Gratitude: A Study of Unconscious Forces., New York: Basic Books.
(1958). On the development of mental functioning., Int. J. Psychoanal., 39:84-90.
(1960). A note on depression in the schizophrenic., Int. J. Psychoanal., 41:509-511.
(1961). Narrative of a Child Analysis. The Conduct of the Psychoanalysis of Children as Seen in the Treatment of a Ten-Year-Old Boy., New York: Basic Books.
(1961). Narrative of a Child Analysis., London: Hogarth Press.
(1963). Our Adult World and Other Essays., London: Heinemann Medical Books.
(1984).Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963 (The Writings of Melanie Klein, Vol 3) Free Press
(1984).Love, Guilt and Reparation and Other Works 1921-1945 (The Writings of Melanie Klein, Vol 1) Free Press
(1984) Narrative of a Child Analysis (The Writings of Melanie Klein) Free Press
(1984). The Psycho-Analysis of Children (The Writings of Melanie Klein, Vol 2) Free Press
Donald L. Carveth, Ph.D. A Training and Supervising Analyst in the Toronto and Canadian Institutes of Psychoanalysis and the International Psychoanalytic Association. with several papers available online
Human-Nature Many papers with a Kleinian focus, a bit difficult to navigate but worth the effort when papers are located
Klein Biography (French)
Klein Biography (Spanish)
Melanie Klein Trust (recommended)