Required Reading     Primary Sources For Early Modern Period

Pre-Reformation

• Critique of the Papacy at Avignon
• Petrarch, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
• Condemnation of Wycliffe, and his reply
• Jan Hus, Final Declaration

Reformation

• 95 Theses
• Luther, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
• Luther, On the Freedom of a Christian
• The Schleitheim Confession
• St. Ignatius Loyola, Spiritual Exercises

Social Changes

• Draft of a Poor Law, 1536
• Hobbes, Leviathan
• St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
• The Court of Louis XIV
• Elizabeth's Speech to her Troops
• The True Law of Free Monarchies
• The Petition of Right
• Statement of the Levellers

Scientific Revolution

• Copernicus, The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
• Indictment of Galileo
• Francis Bacon, Novum Organum
• René Descartes, Discourse on Method
• Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica