Timeline of People in Western Civilization

	850?-720? B.C.	Homer	Ionia	Artist/Writer
	890?-750? B.C.	Hesiod	Boeotia (Greece)	Artist/Writer
	624-548 B.C.	Thales of Miletus	Miletus	Philosopher
	611-c.547 B.C.	Anaximander of Miletus	Miletus	Philosopher
	580-507 B.C.	Pythagoras of Samos	Samos	Philosopher
	570 BC-470 BC	Xenophanes	Athens	Artist/Writer
	535-475 B.C	Heraclitus of Ephesus	Ephesus	Philosopher
	525 - 456 B.C.	Aeschylus	Athens	Artist/Writer
	496? - 406 B.C.	Sophocles	Athens	Artist/Writer
	485?- 406 B.C.	Euripides	Athens	Artist/Writer
	448? - 388? B.C.	Aristophanes	Athens	Artist/Writer
*	484?–425? B.C.	Herodotus	Halicarnassus, Anatolia	Historian
*	460?–400? B.C.	Thucydides	Athens	Historian
	430?–355? B.C.	Xenophon	Athens	Historian
*	427?–347 B.C.	Plato	Athens	Philosopher
*	384–322 B.C.	Aristotle	Athens	Philosopher
*	106-43 B.C.	Cicero	Rome	Statesman Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	63BC-24 AD	Strabo	Pontus (in Anatolia), Rome	Historian, Geographer
	59 B.C.–A.D.17	Livy	Rome	Historian
	46?-c.120	Plutarch	Boeotia, Rome, Athens	Writer
	55– 117	Tacitus	Rome	Historian
*	121–180	Marcus Aurelius	Rome	Statesman Philosopher
	354–430	Saint Augustine	Hippo North Africa	Theologian Philosopher
	560–636	Isidore of Seville	Seville	Historian Theologian Philosopher
*	872-950	al-Faràbi, Abu Nasr	Persia	Philosopher
	980-1037	Ibn Sina Site or Avicenna	Persia	Explorer Philosopher Artist/Writer
	1079–1142	Peter Abelard	Papal States	Theologian Philosopher
	1126–98	Averroës, Arabic Ibn Rushd	Córdoba	Philosopher
	1214–1294	Roger Bacon	Oxford, Paris	Scientist
	1225–1274	Saint Thomas Aquinas	Papal States	Theologian Philosopher
	1265–1321	Dante Alighieri	Florence	Artist/Writer

	1304–1374	Francesco Petrarca, Petrarch	Tuscany, Avignon, Bologna, Milan	Artist/Writer
*	1304?-1378	Ibn Batuta	Tangier, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Persia, Delhi, China, Maldives, Ceylon, Sumatra, Morocco, Córdoba, Timbuktu, Senegambia	Explorer Philosopher Scientist Artist/Writer
	1313–75	Giovanni Boccaccio	Naples, Florence	Artist/Writer
	1328–1384	John Wyclif	Yorkshire, Oxford. London	Theologian Philosopher
*	1332–1406	Ibn Khaldun	Tunis, Morocco, Granada, Cairo, Timur	Historian Scientist Philosopher
	1337–1410	Jean Froissart	Valenciennes, England	Historian
	1340–99	John of Gaunt	Lancaster, Castile, England, Aquitaine	Statesman
	1340–1400	Geoffrey Chaucer	London	Artist/Writer
	1360–1415	Philippa of Lancaster	Lancaster, Portugal	Statesman Explorer
	1371-1415	Jan Hus (Johannes de Hussinetz)	Bohemia	Theologian
	1394–1460	Prince Henry the Navigator	Portugal	Explorer

	1429–81	Mehmet II (Muhammad the Conqueror)	Ottoman sultan (1451–81)	Statesman Soldier
	1451–1506	Christopher Columbus	Genoa, Lisbon, Spain	Explorer
	1451–1504	Isabella I (Isabel)	Spanish queen of Castile and León	Statesman
	1453	Constantinople falls to Mehmet II	Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
	1452–1516	Ferdinand II, king of Aragón (Fernan)	Aragón, Castile, León, Sicily, Naples	Statesman
*	1463–1494	Giovanni Pico della Mirandola	Rome	Philosopher
	1466?–1536	Desiderius Erasmus	Rotterdam, Paris, England	Theologian
*	1469–1527	Niccolo Machiavelli	Papal States	Philosopher
	1471–1628	Albrecht Dürer	Nuremberg	Artist/Writer
	1475–1564	Michelangelo Buonarroti	Florence, Rome	Artist/Writer
	1476–1541	Francisco Pizzaro	Trujillo, Peru	Explorer/Soldier
	1478–1535	Saint Thomas More	England	Philosopher
	1480–1521	Magellan, Fernão de Magalhães	Portugal, Spain	Explorer/Soldier
	1483–1546	Martin Luther	Eisleben, Saxony, Wittenberg,	Theologian
	1485–1547	Hernando Cortés	Spain and New Spain	Explorer/Soldier
	1492	Fernan and Isabel conquer Granada and complete the "reconquista" of the Iberian Peninsula	Castile, Aragon, Granada, "Spain"
	1497–1560	Philip Melanchthon	Wittenberg	Theologian

	1500-1558	Charles V Holy Roman emperor	Holy Roman emperor (1519-58) as Charles I, king of Spain (1516-56)	Statesman
	1509–1564	John Calvin	Noyon, Picardy, France, Paris, Geneva	Theologian
	1514–1564	Andreas Vesalius	Netherlands, Univ. of Padua,	Scientist
	1530–1584	Ivan IV, or Ivan the Terrible	Grand Duke of Moscow (1533–84)	Statesman
	1533–1592	Michel Eyquem Montaigne	Périgord, Bordeaux, France	Philosopher Artist/Writer
	1533–1603	Queen Elizabeth I	queen of England 1558–1603	Statesman
	1540?–1596	Sir Francis Drake	England	Explorer/Soldier
	1546–1601	Tycho Brahe	Denmark, Prague	Scientist
	1548–1600	Giordano Bruno	Toulouse, Paris, Oxford, Wittenberg, Venice, Rome	Scientist
	1552?–1599	Edmund Spenser	London, Ireland, London	Artist/Writer
	1554?–1618	Sir Walter Raleigh	England, France, Ireland	Explorer/Soldier
	1561–1626	Francis Bacon	London	Philosopher
	1564–1616	William Shakespeare	Stratford, London	Artist/Writer
	1571–1630	Johannes Kepler	Univ. of Tübingen, Prague, Austria	Scientist
	1585–1642	Cardinal Richelieu	France	Statesman
*	1588–1679	Thomas Hobbes	London	Philosopher

	1600–1874	British East India Company	India
	1602–1798	Dutch East India Company	headquarters at Batavia, monopoly on Dutch trade E of the Cape of Good Hope and W of the Strait of Magellan
	1606–69	Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt	Leiden, Amsterdam	Artist/Writer
	1623–62	Blaise Pascal	Paris	Scientist Philosopher
*	1632–1704	Rene Descartes	France, Netherlands	Philosopher
*	1632–1677	Benedict Spinoza	Amsterdam	Philosopher
	1632–1723	Leeuwenhoek	Delft, Holland, England	Scientist
	1632–75	Jan Vermeer	Delft	Artist/Writer
*	1632–1704	John Locke	England, France, Holland	Philosopher
	1642–1727	Isaac Newton	Cambridge	Scientist
	1646-1716	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	Prussia	Philosopher
	1647–1706	Pierre Bayle	France, Rotterdam	Philosopher
	1685- 1753	George Berkeley	Ireland	Philosopher
*	1668–1744	Giambattista Vico	Naples	Philosopher
	1685–1750	Johann Sebastian Bach	Eisenach, Arnstadt, Weimar, Köthen, Leipzig	Artist/Writer
*	1689–1755	Charles Louis Montesquieu	Bordeaux, Paris	Philosopher Historian Artist/Writer philosophe
*	1694–1778	Voltaire	Paris	Philosopher Artist/Writer philosophe
	1694-1774	Quesnay	Paris	Philosopher philosophe

	1706–1790	Benjamin Franklin	Boston, Philadelphia	Statesman
	1707–1778	Karl von Linné (Linnaeus)	Uppsala, Sweden	Scientist
	1707–1788	George Buffon	Paris	Philosopher Scientist
	1709-1751	Julien de La Mettrie	Paris	Philosopher Scientist
*	1711–1776	David Hume	Edinburgh, Scotland	Philosopher
*	1712–1778	Jean Jacques Rousseau	Switzerland and France	Philosopher philosophe
	1712–1786	Frederick the Great	Prussia	Statesman
	1713–1784	Denis Diderot	France, Russia	Philosopher philosophe
	1715–1771	Claude Adrien Helvétius	France	Philosopher
*	1715–1780	Étienne Bonnot de Condillac	France	Philosopher
	1717-1783	Jean le Rond d’Alembert	Paris	Philosopher philosophe
	1723–1789	Holbach	Paris	Philosopher
*	1723-1790	Adam Smith	Glasgow, Oxford	Philosopher
*	1724–1804	Immanuel Kant	Königsberg, Prussia [Kaliningrad, Russia]	Philosopher
	1727–1781	Baron Anne Robert Jacques Turgot	Paris	Philosopher philosophe
	1729–1796	Catherine the Great	Russia	Statesman
	1731–1810	Henry Cavendish	England	Scientist
	1732–1799	George Washington	Virginia	Statesman
	1732–1809	Franz Joseph Hayden	Vienna, London	Artist/Writer
	1733–1804	Joseph Priestley	England, Northumberland, Pa	Scientist
*	1737–1809	Thomas Paine	England and USA	Philosopher
*	1737–1794	Edward Gibbon	England, Lausanne	Historian
*	1740–1825	Saint–Simon	France	Philosopher
	1743–1794	Antoine Lavoisier	Paris	Scientist
*	1743–1794	Condorcet	Paris	Philosopher
*	1743–1826	Thomas Jefferson	Virginia	Statesman
*	1744–1803	Johann Gottfried von Herder	East Prussia, Berlin, Weimar	Philosopher
	1748–1832	Jeremy Bentham	London	Philosopher
	1749–1832	Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von	Frankfurt, Strasbourg, Weimar	Artist/Writer Philosopher Scientist
*	1751-1836	James Madison	United States	Philosopher Statesman
	1756–1791	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Salzburg, Vienna	Artist/Writer
	1757 - 1827	William Blake	London	Artist/Writer
	1758–1794	Maximilien Robespierre	Arras, Paris	Statesman
	1759–1797	Mary Wollstonecraft	London	Philosopher
	1762–1814	Johann Gottlieb Fichte	Saxony, Zurich, Jena, Berlin	Philosopher
*	1766-1834	T Robert Malthus	England	Philosopher
*	1767-1835	Willhelm von Humboldt	Prussia	Philosopher
*	1768-1834	Friedrich Schleiermacher	Berlin, Halle,	Philosopher
	1769–1821	Napoleon Bonaparte: Napoleon I	Corsica, France	Statesman
*	1770–1831	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	Stuttgart, Jena, Nürnberg, Heidelberg, Berlin	Philosopher
*	1771-1858	Robert Owen	England	Philosopher, Labor leader
*	1772-1823	David Ricardo	England	Economist, Philosopher,
*	1779-1859	Karl Ritter	Germany	Geographer
	1783–1830	Simón Bolívar	Caracas, Cartagena	Statesman
*	1785 – 1863	Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm	Germany	Historian, Artist/Writer
*	1786 -1859	Wilhelm Carl Grimm	Germany	Historian, Artist/Writer
	1788–1824	Lord Byron	England, Switzerland, Venice	Artist/Writer
	1788–1860	Arthur Schopenhauer	Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), Frankfurt	Philosopher
	1792–1822	Percy Bysshe Shelley	England	Artist/Writer
	1795–1821	John Keats	England	Artist/Writer
	1795–1886	Leopold von Ranke	Berlin	Historian
	1796–1859	William H. Prescott	Salem, Mass.	Historian
	1798–1874	Jules Michelet	Paris	Historian
*	1798-1857	Auguste Compte	Paris	Philosopher

	1800–1859	Thomas B. Macaulay	Leicestershire, India, England	Historian
	1800–1891	George Bancroft	Worcester, Mass. Boston	Historian
	1803–1882	Ralph Waldo Emerson	Boston	Artist/Writer Philosopher
*	1805–1859	Alexis de Tocqueville	France	Philosopher
*	1806–1873	John Stuart Mill	London	Philosopher
	1807–1858	Harriet Hardy Taylor-Mill	London	Philosopher
	1808–1873	Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon III	France	Statesman
	1809–1865	Abraham Lincoln	Kentucky, Illinois, Washington, D.C.	Statesman
	1809–1882	Charles Robert Darwin	Shrewsbury, England	Scientist
*	1813–1855	Soren Kierkegaard	Copenhagen	Philosopher
	1815–1898	Otto von Bismarck	Prussia, Germany	Statesman
	1817–1862	Henry David Thoreau	Massachusetts	Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	1818 - 1881	Lewis Henry Morgan	United States	Anthropologist
*	1818–83	Karl Marx	Bonn, Berlin, Paris, London	Philosopher
*	1820 - 1903	Herbert Spencer	England	Anthropologist, Scientist
*	1820-1895	Fredrich Engels	Germany, Manchester, London	Philosopher
*	1830–1905	Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus	France	Geographer
*	1832–1917	Sir Edward Burnett Tylor	England	Anthropologist
	1838–1918	Henry Adams	Boston	Historian
*	1833–1911	Wilhelm Dilthey	Basel, Kiel, Breslau, Berlin	Philosopher Historian
*	1839-1914	Charles Sanders Peirce	United States	Philosopher
*	1840–1910	William Graham Sumner	United States	Sociologist
*	1842–1910	William James	Harvard	Philosopher
*	1844–1900	Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche	Naumburg, Basel, Turin, Genoa, Messina, Rapallo, Florence, Venice, and Rome	Philosopher
*	1844–1904	Friedrich Ratzel	Munich, Leipzig	Geographer
*	1845–1918	Paul Vidal de la Blache	Paris	Geographer
*	1847-1922	Georges Sorel	France	Philosopher
*	1856–1939	Freud, Sigmund	Moravia, Vienna	Psychologist
*	1857-1913	Ferdinand de Saussure	Paris	Philosopher
*	1857–1929	Thorstein Veblen	United States	Philosopher
*	1858–1917	Emile Durkheim	Bordeaux, Paris	Sociologist
*	1858 -1918	Georg Simmel	Berlin and Strasbourg	Sociologist
*	1858-1942	Franz Boas	United States	Anthropologist
	1859–1941	Henri Bergson	Paris	Philosopher
*	1859-1938	Edmund Husserl	Göttingen and Freiburg	Philosopher
*	1859–1939	Havelock Ellis	England	Psychologist
*	1859–1942	Alfred Hettner	Germany	Geographer
*	1859–1952	John Dewey	Vermont Michigan Chicago Columbia	Philosopher
	1861–1932	Frederick J. Turner	Wisconsin, Harvard	Historian
*	1863 -- 1931	George Herbert Mead	Chicago	Philosopher, Psychologist
*	1864–1920	Max Weber	Erfurt, Prussia, Munich	Philosopher
*	1864–1929	Charles Horton Cooley	Ann Arbor	Sociologist
*	1866–1952	Benedetto Croce	Naples	Historian Philosopher
*	1868-1963	W.E.B. Dubois	United States	Sociologist
*	1870–1924	Vladimir Ilyich Lenin	Simbirsk, St Petersburg, Moscow	Statesman
*	1871-1938	William McDougall	United States	Psychologist
	1873–1958	G. E. Moore	Cambridge	Philosopher
*	1874-1941	Elsie Clews Parsons	United States	Anthropologist
*	1874-1945	Ernst Cassirer	Hamburg, Oxford, New York	Philosopher
	1874–1965	Sir Winston Churchill	London	Statesman
*	1875 - 1961	Carl Jung	Zürich	Psychologist
*	1876-1953	James Frazer	England	Anthropologist
	1876–1962	G. M. Trevelyan	Cambridge, England	Historian
*	1876-1960	A. L. Kroeber	Berkeley	Anthropologist
	1877–1971	William David Ross	England	Philosopher
	1879–1953	Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin	Gori, Georgia, St Petersburg, Moscow	Statesman
*	1880–1936	Oswald Spengler	Germany	Historian
*	1881 - 1955	Alfred R. Radcliffe-Brown	England	Anthropologist
	1882–1945	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	New York, Washington, D.C.	Statesman
*	1883-1946	John Maynard Keynes	Cambridge	Economist
	1883–1955	José Ortega y Gasset	Spain	Philosopher
*	1883 - 1957	Robert Lowie	Berkeley	Anthropologist
*	1883-1969	Karl Theodor Jaspers	Heidelberg and Göttingen	Philosopher Psychologist
*	1884-1939	Edward Sapir	United States	Anthropologist
*	1884 – 1942	Bronislav Malinowski	Kracow, London, United States	Anthropologist
*	1885-1971	Gyorgy Lukacs	Budapest	Artist/Writer Philosopher
	1886–1968	Karl Barth	Basel	Philosopher
*	1887-1948	Ruth Benedict	United States	Anthropologist
*	1889–1943	Robin George Collingwood	Oxford	Philosopher Historian
	1889–1945	Adolph Hitler	Austria, Germany	Statesman
*	1889-1951	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Vienna, Cambridge	Philosopher
*	1889-1968	Pitirim Alexandrovitch Sorokin	St. Petersburg. Mpls, Harvard	Sociologist
*	1889–1975	Arnold Toynbee	Oxford, Univ. of London	Historian
*	1889-1975	Carl Ortwin Sauer	Berkeley	Geographer
*	1889-1976	Martin Heidegger	Marburg, Freiburg	Philosopher
*	1891-1937	Antonio Gramsci	Italy	Philosopher
*	1891-1981	Abram Kardiner	New York	Psychologist, Anthropologist
*	1892-1940	Walter Benjamin	Freiburg, Munich, Berlin, Berne, Paris	Artist/Writer Philosopher
*	1892-1971	Reinhold Niebuhr	Detroit	Theologian
*	1893-1947	Karl Mannheim	Hungary, Heidelberg, Frankfurt, London	Sociologist
*	1893-1953	Ralph Linton	United States	Anthropologist
	1893–1976	Mao Zedong, or Mao Tse-tung	Hunan, Jiangxi, Beijing	Statesman
*	1895-1973	Max Horkheimer	Frankfurt	Philosopher, Sociologist
*	1895-1988	Lewis Mumford	United States	Philosopher
*	1896-1980	Jean Piaget	Switzerland	Psychologist
*	1898-1979	Herbert Marcuse	Frankfurt, United States	Philosopher

*	1900–1975	Leslie White	United States	Anthropologist
*	1900-1976	Gilbert Ryle	Oxford	Philosopher
*	1900-1980	Erich Fromm	Frankfurt, United States	Psychologist
*	1900–2002	Hans-Georg Gadamer	Marburg, Heidelberg	Philosopher
*	1901-1978	Margaret Mead	United States	Anthropologist
*	1901-1981	Jacques Lacan	France	Psychologist
*	1901-1991	Henri Lefebvre	France	Sociologist
*	1902-1972	Julian Steward	United States	Anthropologist
*	1902-1973	E.E. Evans-Pritchard	England	Anthropologist
*	1902–1979	Talcott Parsons	United States	Sociologist
*	1902-1985	Fernand Braudel	France	Historian
*	1902-1994	Erik H. Erikson	Germany, United States	Psychologist
*	1903-1969	Theodor Adorno	Vienna, Frankfurt	Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	1903-1991	Cora DuBois	United States	Anthropologist
*	1904-1987	Joseph Campbell	United States	Philosopher Psychologist Artist/Writer
*	1904-1990	B. F. Skinner	United States	Psychologist
*	1905–1980	Jean Paul Sartre	France	Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	1905-1999	Ashley Montagu	London, United States	Anthropologist
*	1906-1975	Hannah Arendt	Germany United States	Philosopher
*	1908-1961	Maurice Merleau-Ponty	France	Philosopher
*	1908-1986	Simone de Beauvoir	France	Philosopher
*	1908-	John Kenneth Galbraith	Canada, US	Economist
	1909–1943	Simone Weil	France	Philosopher
*	1909–1997	Isaiah Berlin	London	Philosopher
	1910–1989	A. J. Ayer	England	Philosopher
*	1910-2003	Robert Merton	United States	Sociologist
	1913–1960	Albert Camus	France	Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	1913-1981	Heinz Kohut	United States	Sociologist
*	1913–	Paul Ricoeur	France	Philosopher
*	1915-	Hazel Barnes	United States	Philosopher
*	1915-1981	Roland Barthes	France	Philosopher
*	1916-1962	C. Wright Mills	United States	Sociologist
*	1916-2003	W.W. Rostow	United States	Economist Statesman
*	1918-1990	Louis Althusser	France	Philosopher
*	1919-	Daniel Bell	United States	Sociologist
	1919–	Mary Midgley	England	Philosopher
	1919–1999	Iris Murdoch	England	Philosopher Artist/Writer
*	1921–	John Rawls	United States	Philosopher
*	1921-1988	Raymond Williams	England	Artist/Writer Sociologist
*	1922-1983	Erving Goffman	United States	Sociologist
*	1922-1996	Thomas S. Kuhn	United States	Philosopher
*	1923-1999	Eric Wolf	United States	Anthropologist
*	1924-1994	Paul K. Feyerabend	Austria, England, USA, New Zealand	Philosopher
*	1924-1998	Jean-Francois Lyotard	France	Philosopher
*	1926-1984	Michel Foucault	France	Philosopher
*	1926-	Clifford Geertz	United States	Anthropologist
*	1927-	Thomas Luckmann	United States	Sociologist
*	1927-2001	Marvin Harris	United States	Anthropologist
*	1928-	Noam Chomsky	United States	Linguist, Philosopher
*	1929–	Jurgen Habermas	Germany	Philosopher
	1929–	Alisdair MacIntyre	Glasgow, Scotland, England USA	Philosopher
*	1929–	Jean Baudrillard	France	Philosopher
*	1929–	Peter L Berger	United States	Sociologist
*	1929–	Ralf Dahrendorf	Germany, England	Sociologist
*	1930-	Jacques Derrida	France	Philosopher
*	1930-	Marshall Sahlins	United States	Anthropologist
*	1930-	Immanuel Wallerstein	United States	Sociologist
*	1930-2002	Pierre Bourdieu	France	Sociologist
*	1931–	Charles Taylor	Canada	Philosopher
*	1932-1994	Christopher Lasch	United States	Sociologist, historian
*	1935-	David Harvey	England, United States	Geographer
*	1935-2003	Edward Said	Palestine, Egypt, United States	Sociologist
*	1938-	Anthony Giddens	England,	Sociologist
	1938–	Thomas Nagel	Belgrade, Harvard, Berkeley, Princeton, New York University	Philosopher
	1940–	Roderick Nash	United States	Philosopher
*	1941-	Richard Dawkins	United States	Biologist, Philosopher
*	1946-	Robert Wuthnow	United States	Sociologist
	1966–76	Cultural Revolution	China
	1991	Collapse of the Soviet Union	Russia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
	2000–

Western Civilization Timelines

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